Brian Wright: lute songs page. Of other European countries, particularly important are England and Spain. In this case the first six courses outline a d-minor triad, and an additional five to seven courses are tuned generally scalewise below them. The neck is made of light wood, with a veneer of hardwood (usually ebony) to provide durability for the fretboard beneath the strings. [4] He further categorized long lutes with a "pierced lute" and "long neck lute". While Europe developed the lute, the oud remained a central part of Arab music, and broader Ottoman music as well, undergoing a range of transformations. These goods spread gradually to Provence, influencing French troubadours and trouvères and eventually reaching the rest of Europe. Dowland's predecessors and colleagues, such as Anthony Holborne (c. 1545–1602) and Daniel Bacheler (1572–1619), were less known. In all lutes the soundboard has a single (sometimes triple) decorated sound hole under the strings called the rose. [10] His book does not cover the shorter instruments that became the European lute, beyond showing examples of shorter lutes in the ancient world. Arranged for both baroque lute and renaissance lute. Given the choice between nylon and gut, many luthiers prefer to use gut, as it conforms more readily to the sharp angle at the edge of the fingerboard. For additional details and audio samples: Brian Wright: lute solos, duos & ensemble music page  Some sorts of lute were still used for some time in Germany, Sweden, Ukraine. Thus an 8-course Renaissance lute usually has 15 strings, and a 13-course Baroque lute has 24. ** Music The European lute and the modern Near-Eastern oud descend from a common ancestor via diverging evolutionary paths. Prelude and Fugue on "Scarborough Fair" for Renaissance lute

Songs The lute is plucked or strummed with one hand while the other hand "frets" (presses down) the strings on the neck's fingerboard. Catlines can be quite large in diameter compared to wound nylon strings of the same pitch. Of note are the catlines used as basses on historical instruments. Nuages: In memoriam Django Reinhardt. Details. Although the major entry of the short lute was in western Europe, leading to a variety of lute styles, the short lute entered Europe in the East as well; as early as the sixth century, the Bulgars brought the short-necked variety of the instrument called komuz to the Balkans.
Medieval and early-Renaissance song accompaniments were probably mostly improvised, hence the lack of written records. The term also refers generally to any string instrument having the strings running in a plane parallel to the sound table (in the Hornbostel–Sachs system). As with other instruments that use friction pegs, the wood for the pegs is crucial. PARAPHRASE ON AUDI COELUM FROM THE VESPERS OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN BY CLAUDIO MONTEVERDI, for two sopranos, tenor/baritone and lute, Three songs by Petr Eben for voice and lute ##, Four songs by Bohuslav Martinu for voice and Suite on an old English ballad,for solo Renaissance lute The frets are made of loops of gut tied around the neck. For additional details and audio / videos: http://www.lutesociety.org/pages/members-compositions, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-MsUyAOeU0, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JC5rfG9UJmo, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jqXbilNbwg, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHAEQajcuqI, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0NUuRjLraQ, http://www.matthewleighembleton.co.uk/composer/#sololute, http://www.matthewleighembleton.co.uk/composer. To read it, a musician must know the instrument's tuning, number of strings, etc. The last stage of French lute music is exemplified by Robert de Visée (c. 1655–1732/3), whose suites exploit the instrument's possibilities to the fullest. He was not the first important German lutenist, because contemporaries credited Conrad Paumann (c. 1410–1473) with the invention of German lute tablature, though this claim remains unproven, and no lute works by Paumann survive. The improvisatory element, present to some degree in most lute pieces, is particularly evident in the early ricercares (not imitative as their later namesakes, but completely free), as well as in numerous preludial forms: preludes, tastar de corde ("testing the strings"), etc.

The scrolls or other decoration on the ends of lute bridges are integral to the bridge, and are not added afterwards as on some Renaissance guitars (cf Joachim Tielke's guitars). Brian Wright: main page. Bridges are often colored black with carbon black in a binder, often shellac and often have inscribed decoration. As lutherie scholarship increased, makers began constructing instruments based on historical models, which have proven lighter and more responsive instruments. Similar items. Metamorphosis on a galliard of John Dowland for solo guitar. They fray with use, and must be replaced from time to time. He has given recitals at Music Societies, Festivals, Independent schools; performed on radio and TV and for the National Trust throughout the U.K. International recitals, teaching, adjudication at competitions, radio and TV have taken place in Italy, Spain, Belgium, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, Holland, Germany, Eire, Slovakia, Poland, Czech republic, Russia, Bulgaria, China, Belarus and the U.S.A.Many of his international concerts have been supported by the British Council. Lutes were in widespread use in Europe at least since the 13th century, and documents mention numerous early performers and composers. 1670), however, a distinctly German style came only after 1700 in the works of Silvius Leopold Weiss (1686–1750), one of the greatest lute composers, some of whose works were transcribed for keyboard by none other than Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), who composed a few pieces for the lute himself (though it is unclear whether they were really intended for the lute, rather than another plucked string instrument or the lautenwerk). In later Baroque lutes two upper courses are single. There are no rules about this. His major works include the setting of all the songs in the plays of Shakespeare; the lute tutor, LUTECOSMOS and 5 sonatas for solo guitar. guitar ## (Much renaissance lute music can be played on a guitar by tuning the guitar's third string down by a half tone.). The lute's design makes it extremely light for its size. theme*, Metamorphosis on a Galliard of John Dowland *, Lutecosmos: A Method for Renaissance Lute in 6 OLD ENGLISH BALLADS for solo voice and lute ##, The Complete Shakespeare Songs in five books, bk.2  A During the early days of the early music movement, many lutes were constructed by available luthiers, whose specialty was often classical guitars. The advent of polyphony brought about fantasias: complex, intricate pieces with much use of imitative counterpoint. Manuscripts bear instructions for the player, e.g., 7e chœur en fa = "seventh course in fa" (= F in the standard C scale). Only the last survived into the late 17th century. The lute is used in a great variety of instrumental music from the Medieval to the late Baroque eras and was the most important instrument for secular music in the Renaissance. The Baroque lute produced two major schools of composition; in mid-seventeenth century France where the Gaultiers, Dufault, de Visée and others created a stately and self-assured style of music; and in early eighteenth century Germany, where Bach wrote for the lute, and the last great lutenist, Sylvius Leopold Weiss wrote suites of preludes and dances in a beautiful arpeggiated style.

Sandor Kallos and Toyohiko Satoh applied modernist idiom to the lute, Elena Kats-Chernin, Jozef van Wissem and Alexandre Danilevsky minimalist and post-minimalist idiom, Roman Turovsky-Savchuk, Paulo Galvão, Robert MacKillop historicist idiom, and Ronn McFarlane New Age. Lute [Sheet music + Audio access] Mel Bay. www.youtube.com, BOOK 4 for two voices and lute # # (to be published in 2015), 3 songs of George Gershwin arranged for solo [14] He described the Gandhara lutes as having a "pear-shaped body tapering towards the short neck, a frontal stringholder, lateral pegs, and either four or five strings".[14]. BRIAN WRIGHT, lute solos, duos & ensemble music. Hellenistic banquet scene from 1st century A.D., (Left-two images) Oud-family instruments painted in the, Lutes by Matthäus Büchenberg, 1613 (left) and by Matteo Sellas, 1641 in, Various lutes exhibited at the Deutsches Museum, 6-course Early Renaissance lute tuning chart, 10-course Late Renaissance/Early Baroque lute tuning chart, (D'D) (F'F) (G'G) (Cc) (FF) (AA) (dd) (g).

Lutes built at present are invariably replicas or near copies of those surviving historical instruments that are in museums or private collections. *********************************************************, A suite in three movements arranged for both baroque lute and renaissance, Link to performance by David Van Ooijen on youtube. The two strings of a course are virtually always stopped and plucked together, as if a single string—but in rare cases, a piece requires that the two strings of a course be stopped or plucked separately.

The number of courses grew to six and beyond. www.youtube.com                   The soundboard is a teardrop-shaped thin flat plate of resonant wood (typically spruce). poems by Paul Verlaine)*, Melodies pour Colette (a song cycle in French, It may be either fretted or unfretted. He has been recording and, releasing experimental modern electronic music since 1998. Details . The tuning of a lute is a complicated issue, described in a section of its own below.
In the second half of the 17th century lutes, vihuelas and similar instruments started losing popularity, and almost no music had been written for the instrument after 1750. Many are custom-built, but there is a growing number of luthiers who build lutes for general sale, and there is a fairly strong, if small, second-hand market. Reflections on an old English ballad, for solo Renaissance lute

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