Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry, Partner Resources, Tools & Guides: We latched onto this concept of brain architecture, and any building begins with a strong foundation. Early Experiences Can Alter Gene Expression and Affect Long-Term Development, Reports & Working Papers: Jack: Almost 20 years ago, the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child realized that we needed metaphors to take very complicated science and present it with a phrase that would capture what it was about, and would be remembered. These panelists discuss the practical side of building brain architecture, and what any parent or caregiver can do to help give children’s brains a strong foundation. The essence of Early Moments Matter is that babies’ brains are built and they need the active ingredients. We now know that there’s a very strong genetic and a very strong experience influence. 16, 4 October 2016, p.4. Sally, to your point about it never reaches 100%, this is the other side of the coin. Listen to the trailer, and subscribe now! From a developmental point-of-view, somebody has to be there engaging and interacting, and providing experiences from which you can learn, in order for your brain to build strong circuits. Think of the building communities where multiple houses are built, that they’re all exactly the same. The podcast is recorded at PRX Podcast Garage in Allston, Massachusetts. InBrief: The Science of Early Childhood Development, Partner Resources, Tools & Guides: And in many of the contexts in which we work, we have a lot of different issues linked to school readiness, for example, multiculturalism, multilingualism. Sally: We’ve learned about the science of brain architecture, and its implications, and we’ve learned that your brain is never fully developed. Policy makers, employers in the business sector, all of them create the right policies and enabling environment to then give the parents that time, that space, the resources they need. The first guest of this special series is Center Director Dr. … How tall can we get it? Okay so, that’s the broad environment. But then, we expand it to, “What are the charging stations in your communities that can work to help children?” And that gets people to think much more broadly about the fact that it’s not just parents. Mar 25, 2020. I know a lot of our listeners are folks who are working directly with kids. Could you tell us a little bit more about that game? If the foundation is strong, the building will last a long time, and if the foundation has a crack in it, or it’s weak, the building may not fall apart, but you won’t be able to build on it very much over time without having to deal with some of the weaknesses. Multimedia, Video: And often infants are busy discovering relationships between their bodies and the environment, and this is actually how they’re learning. From brain architecture to toxic stress to serve and return, The Brain Architects, a new podcast from the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University will explore what we can do during this incredibly important period to ensure that all children have a strong foundation for future development. Sally: Here to discuss the implications of the science of brain architecture, we have Judy Cameron, Ph.D. Judy is a professor psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, and the CEO of Working for Kids: Building Skills, LLC. Sally: Thank you so much. This is actually a very seminal concept for us to build on internationally and build on globally because the situation of children really calls us to take serious actions. Judy: Happy to. The architect's brain.pdf. Judy, you were part of a team that created a whole game around the concept of brain architecture. I’m really happy to be here. And we were actually through the Early Moments Matter, we’re able to reach over 2 billion people with these messages. We’re also on Twitter @HarvardCenter, Facebook @CenterDevelopingChild, and Instagram @DevelopingChildHarvard. It just means that some things are going to have to be worked on a little bit harder. BRAIN STEM-The processing in the brainstem is a vast collection of different and dedicated processing required because the processing must be continuously calculated 24/7 or must have the fastest possible processing possible. And when I asked him what happened, he said, “Oh. Training Module: “Talk With Me Baby”, Infographics: So throughout their time growing up. Pia: Just adding to that. We talk about the fact that you need to plug the phone in in order to function. https://developingchild.harvard.edu/.../the-brain-architects-podcast Connecting the Brain to the Rest of the Body: Early Childhood Development and Lifelong Health Are Deeply Intertwined, Reports & Working Papers: Jack: I love this question. They have a task of building a brain. A Science-Based Framework for Early Childhood Policy, Partner Resources, Tools & Guides: This is a segment I’m particularly excited about, because I think there are a lot of myths out there. The brain is genetically programmed to make connections, but whether those connections stay, become strong, and are permanent and there for the child to use their whole lifetime, depends on having experiences that strengthen them. Debbie: I loved hearing those examples, Pia, with the UNICEF program and those Early Moments. Experience, individual differences in people’s life experiences determine how those circuits get built. So, what’s going on in the daily lives of children? But instead of saying, “No toys in the mouth”, we’ll often say, “Put the toys here, we’ll eat our snack in our mouth.” Things like that. As an example, the brainstem processing for controlling the eyes is described. It’s an honor to be here. Building Babies’ Brains Through Play: Mini Parenting Master Class, Reports & Working Papers: Judy was there. If the brain is getting no input, it’s an all-signal alert that the world is crashing down on you, not because it’s harming you, but because it’s ignoring you. We’re also on Twitter @HarvardCenter, Facebook @CenterDevelopingChild, and Instagram @DevelopingChildHarvard. If there wasn’t a reason for it, it wouldn’t appear over and over again over eons. First of all, there’s these first two years of life, is what we call the sensory motor stage. What it tells us is not only to get hysterical about the first three or four years of life and drive yourself crazy, it also tells you, okay, you’re four, you’re five years old now, you’re there, it’s done. What Is Executive Function? We’ll learn why the early years are really important for brain development, and think about how connections are built in the brain, and what a strong or weak foundation in the brain can mean for a child’s future health and development. Young Children Develop in an Environment of Relationships, Briefs, Tools & Guides: From brain architecture to toxic stress to serve and return, The Brain Architects, a new podcast from the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, will explore what we can do during this incredibly important period to ensure that all children have a strong foundation for future development. From brain architecture to toxic stress to serve and return, The Brain Architects, a new podcast from the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, focuses on the specific, practical questions that often arise for parents and caregivers during the critically important period of early childhood. Young children learn when they’re using their whole body and senses. But here’s why it’s damaging. We’re checking development of children over a one-year period, so measurements of the stress exposure of the parents and the children, poverty level, education level, as well as videotaping them with their parents and scoring parent-child interactions. You don’t have to be a neuroscientist. Download. From Best Practices to Breakthrough Impacts, Reports & Working Papers: The Brain Architects Podcast: Serve and Return: Supporting the Foundation, Reports & Working Papers: On the other hand, it’s not true that early doesn’t matter. You can find us at developingchild.harvard.edu, where we’ll post any resources that were discussed in this episode. To say that 90% of the brain is completed by age three, or age four or age five is to completely misunderstand the very basic concept of a developing brain. But it is never, ever too late to strengthen capacities. Bringing together experts and practitioners from pediatrics, social services, and education, among other disciplines, the podcast gathers many different voices that aren’t always speaking directly to each other. Sally: We also have Debbie LeeKeenan joining us. Sally: I’d like to start by asking why is it critical for parents, teachers, and even policy makers to understand the importance of brain architecture? I really care about children, and I’m a good architect.” And I said, “Excellent.” And then, his brain collapsed. Sally: When we come back, we’ll welcome a few special guests. Listen to the trailer, and subscribe now! A short summary of this paper. Sally: One last question. I’m involved with a program called PEPS, Programs for Early Parent Support, and the concept here is that the first thousand days of a baby’s life are the most important, and yet many families, many parents feel isolated or have all these other negative experiences. This webinar covered basic knowledge management capture practices for your digital Brain while debuting all new version 11 features. Having problems early on, perhaps having a weaker foundation, is not a doomsday scenario at all. Sally: Thanks Jack. We have been collecting data from communities that we work with, and most of these are very impoverished communities, about child development. Judy: I can also comment on this from a much broader perspective. The Brain Architects is dedicated to spreading the science of early development to improve the lives of children in care. There was an indicator and a target that all countries now are accountable for, that they are supporting children to make this happen, and that’s super powerful. We find out across sort of our work that only about 60% of children receive that sort of early stimulation and responsive care from their parents and caregivers on a consistent basis. We’re also on Twitter @HarvardCenter, Facebook @CenterDevelopingChild, and Instagram @DevelopingChildHarvard. It’s also the beauty of the magic of human development. So attipay61 from Instagram asks, “I’m a teacher of one -to two- year-olds, and in your opinion, what is a good timeframe to expect children of that age to grasp, understand and remember a concept? And we think of this as charging stations. At the policy level, you want policy makers to vote for things that will give all children that opportunity. The world’s leading neuroscientists were there, and they very clearly laid out a case for what happens when you build this brain architecture and what happens when it gets derailed. So when we talk about preparing children, we’re not talking about months in advance but maybe a week in advance what’s going to happen, and you want to do it in a very concrete way, maybe visiting the school, reading stories about going to school. Their understanding of brain architecture, and the value it holds and how it occurs, is very important, then, to enable parents to engage in what they love the most, to engage and interact with their children. And at the same time, you want opportunities to provide materials, books, that may provide windows for children and families to see people that are different than them. Sally: Great. All of that enables them, then, to be able to engage with their children in a meaningful manner. Here to help us explain brain architecture is Dr. Jack Shonkoff, professor of child health and development, and director of the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. This kind of constructive play allows experimentation, problem solving, higher-order thinking, and as well as language development and social skills. They need resources. They have ideas that anytime can be a learning time for a child. Up next, Dr. Shonkoff is back to debunk an early childhood myth that may have actually heard. I’m your host Sally Pfitzer, and we’ll see you next time. © document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging, Separation and Detention of Migrant Children and Families, An Introduction to Early Childhood Development, National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, Science x Design: Workshops and Technical Assistance, Browse the Innovation & Application Section, Selected Publications By Center Director Jack P. Shonkoff. A key issue in the game was to get people to understand that social supports are really important. Sally: Excellent. Welcome to the podcast, Judy. We never had that at a population level before. So, I want to build on what Debbie presented. Judy: It’s important that people, all people who interact with children, understand brain architecture, and how brain architecture is made. … Sally: We have a lot of questions to dive into today, but first, can you explain where the idea of brain architecture came from? If you have a weak foundation early on because you hadn’t had time to develop resilience, you can develop resilience later, and you can get better and things can be better. Anybody who says, “Past a certain age, there’s nothing you can do,” is ignorant of what science has to say. Sally: Welcome to The Brain Architects, the new podcast from the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. So could you tell us a little bit about that myth and why it is not a correct fact? Epigenetics and Child Development: How Children’s Experiences Affect Their Genes. Join two highly acclaimed Brain architects, Jerry Michalski and Dr. Mark Trexler, for their insight, analysis and action on Covid-19 with TheBrain software. Pia: It’s a pleasure to be on. Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry, From Best Practices to Breakthrough Impacts, Young Children Develop in an Environment of Relationships, 5 Steps for Brain-Building Serve and Return, 8 Things to Remember about Child Development, A Science-Based Framework for Early Childhood Policy, Building Babies’ Brains Through Play: Mini Parenting Master Class, Children’s Emotional Development Is Built into the Architecture of Their Brains, Coming Soon: The Brain Architects Podcast, Connecting the Brain to the Rest of the Body: Early Childhood Development and Lifelong Health Are Deeply Intertwined, Early Experiences Can Alter Gene Expression and Affect Long-Term Development, Early Exposure to Toxic Substances Damages Brain Architecture, InBrief: The Science of Early Childhood Development, InBrief: The Impact of Early Adversity on Children’s Development, MOOC: The Best Start in Life: Early Childhood Development for Sustainable Development, Protecting Brains, Stimulating Minds: The Early Life Roots of Success in School, The Brain Architects Podcast: Serve and Return: Supporting the Foundation, The Science of Early Childhood Development: Closing the Gap Between What We Know and What We Do, The Timing and Quality of Early Experiences Combine to Shape Brain Architecture, Epigenetics and Child Development: How Children’s Experiences Affect Their Genes. The architect's brain.pdf. They develop new ideas and schema. And what causes those connections to be strengthened and become a stable brain circuit is experiences that use the connections. The Brain Architects is a product of the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. Goal Directed Visualization for 2020! The Timing and Quality of Early Experiences Combine to Shape Brain Architecture, Multimedia: That’s the beauty of the science. I know you are particularly passionate about, and it is that 90% of a child’s brain is formed by the age of three. Sally: Since our panelists have answered all of my questions, let’s move on to some of yours. Why do they still not get it?” They really have to have used that part of their brain thousands of times. It’s not just childcare providers. I was speaking at a conference once, and I was on a panel with some people, one of whom who got up there who made this comment about how 90% of the brain, and I said, you know that’s wrong, right? From brain architecture to toxic stress to serve and return, The Brain Architects, a new podcast from the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University will explore what we can do during this incredibly important period to ensure that all children have a strong foundation for future development. Threatening negative experiences weaken brain circuits, at the time that they’re being made. There’s a core concept in biology about adaptation and resilience over time, so that it is never too late to strengthen the brain’s capacity to do things. Sally: Thanks to our panel for offering that expertise and thank you to our social media followers for submitting some great questions. Debbie: Preparation is always important, but I also like to say not too early because typically in the early childhood years, children don’t have a good concept of time. Through all of that, the early childhood brains are opened to new experiences, and children are testing new theories, and changing old theories when they learn something new. When we say don’t put things in your mouth, yet, that’s how they learn through sensory experiences. And How Does It Relate to Child Development? So really, it’s just about over half are receiving that type of care that we know is so integral for brain architecture. Who plays it? 284 Pages. This really helps them build their positive social identity development, which happens to begin at birth. Judy: I also had something that might be worth thinking about. Judy: The Brain Architecture Game, people work in small groups. The take-home messages here are earlier is always better than later, prevention of difficulties is better than trying to remediate difficulties later. They need care. The key feature of what we mean by “environment,” and what we mean by “experiences” that shape brain development really come down to the nature of the interaction between very young children and the adults who care for them. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. Genes determine when circuits get built. Sally: Also joining us on the podcast, we have Pia Rebello Britto, Ph.D. She’s the global chief and senior advisor, Early Childhood Development Program Division, at UNICEF. So then the question becomes, is it ever too late? (2019). And a really interesting finding is that parent-child interactions can be very strong no matter how much family stress is experienced. Up next, how can we take the science of brain architecture and apply it to everyday situations? In today’s episode, we’re going to dive into the concept of brain architecture and learn a little bit more about the science behind it. The model we use at UNICEF is children ready for school, parents ready for school, but school’s ready for children. We know that resilience also is something that’s built over time. Debbie: We know that young children learn through everyday play and exploration in safe and stimulating environments, and with relationships with their families, teachers, and caregivers. Do you see how much they understand the importance of the early years? Positive experiences strengthen brain circuits. Child Development Core Story, Presentations: Is there anybody out there who could make some sense of the idea that a three-year-old now has 90% of all of the competence and skills and knowledge that you’ll have for the rest of your life? Some days things are a little challenging because it feels like this is what we say all day.” I bet some listeners will relate to that. They roll the dice to get their genetic background. Why are the early years of a child’s life so important for brain development? How are connections built in the brain, and how can early brain development affect a child’s future health? I’ve heard you use the metaphor of a house before, which I’ve found to be really helpful in really thinking about that foundation that’s set in the early years. The architect's brain.pdf. The Brain Architects is a product of the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. Healthy development in the early years provides the building blocks for educational achievement, economic productivity, responsible citizenship, strong communities, and successful parenting of the next generation. Infographics: Sally: That’s so fascinating. And when we look further into that number and understand what’s going on, we know that in 2018, 29 million babies were born into conflict affected areas where they’re born into these areas where they are exposed to high degrees of toxic stress. I also think always bringing something from home to school is also a good strategy that helps with transitions. People ask this question about how flexible and adaptive is the brain? This whole idea of how much is genetic and how much is the result of experience used to be a very fierce argument among scientists. We’re talking about its circuitry. Judy: Thank you. It’s not just teachers that have an impact on children in children’s development. I remember playing it at a legislature at one point where the whole legislature decided to take an hour out of their day. The Brain Architecture Game, Reports & Working Papers: Giving opportunity for young children to explore open-ended materials that can be manipulated and combined in different ways, these provide unlimited play and learning opportunities. The matter is getting everybody in the community to realize that they can play an important role in helping children learn skills. © document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging, Separation and Detention of Migrant Children and Families, An Introduction to Early Childhood Development, National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, Science x Design: Workshops and Technical Assistance, Browse the Innovation & Application Section, Selected Publications By Center Director Jack P. Shonkoff, Video: Experiences Build Brain Architecture, https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(16)31389-7.pdf, UNICEF: 29 Million Babies Born into Conflict in 2018, UNICEF: Pollution: 300 Million Children Breathing Toxic Air, Anti-bias Leaders in Early Childhood Education, National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), Loose Parts: Inspiring Play In Young Children, This is Play: Environments and Interactions that Engage Infants and Toddlers. It’s influenced by, it’s the world in which kids live, the experiences they have, the environment of relationships they live in, that shape the development of the blueprint for that individual. Podcast (thebrainarchitects): Play in new window | Download, Subscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | RSS | Listen to all episodes. Thank you for inviting me. It’s now the largest global campaign. Everybody in the community can play a role. If we’re talking about brain development, we’re not talking about how big your brain is, or how much it weighs. I’m looking forward to the conversation. But if there’s anyone out there listening to this podcast who’s 103 years old, who learned one thing from this podcast, goes to sleep and tomorrow wakes up and remembers it, a new connection was made in the brain. Judy: I think that what Debbie has said is exactly right, and one thing parents are always asking is “How can we fit this into our everyday life?” Giving them examples of what they can do while they’re cooking dinner, what they can do while they’re driving in the car, what they can do when they’re just hanging out with their kids, so that they can begin to be creative. From brain architecture to toxic stress to serve and return, The Brain Architects, a new podcast from the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, will explore what we can do during this incredibly important period to ensure that all children have a strong foundation for future development. Brandi Thomas, Charley Gibney, and Kristen Holmstrand are our producers. The basic architecture of the brain is constructed through To stick with the architecture metaphor, think of the genetic contribution as the architect’s blueprint, before you begin to build a building. We had sort of some really concrete specific examples, and then zoomed out to more global and then thinking about how that all relates to brain architecture will be really helpful for our listeners. It comes from eons and eons of evolution. And in order for parents to feel sort of on top of the game, in order for them to be able to care for children in the manner that’s most suitable for their kids, they need caring as well for their own emotional wellbeing. That person said, “I know, you’ve told me that, but do you see the look on the audience’s face when I say that? Hi, Debbie. While you’re picking out cereal, maybe ask them if they can find all the cereals that start with C. Simple games like these require children to understand rules, hold those rules in mind and then follow them. You can find us at developingchild.harvard.edu, where we’ll post any resources that were discussed in this episode. “Earlier is better, but it’s never too late.” Thank you so much. Sally: Yeah, Judy, I’ve facilitated that game a few times, and I’m always struck by how many times I hear the term ” that’s not fair” when people are watching their brains collapse. Together, they both explain the development of brain architecture. Debbie: Hi. 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