14: Symphony No. [106], One example is the main theme of Katerina's aria, Seryozha, khoroshiy moy, from the fourth act of Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District. After the symphony's premiere, Yevtushenko was forced to add a stanza to his poem that said that Russians and Ukrainians had died alongside the Jews at Babi Yar. His output is dominated by his cycles of symphonies and string quartets, each totaling 15. He was survived by his third wife, Irina; his daughter, Galina; and his son, Maxim, a pianist and conductor who was the dedicatee and first performer of some of his father's works. "[46] The New York World-Telegram of 27 July 1946 was similarly dismissive: "The Russian composer should not have expressed his feelings about the defeat of Nazism in such a childish manner". [103] Examples of works that included Jewish themes are the Fourth String Quartet (1949), the First Violin Concerto (1948), and the Four Monologues on Pushkin Poems (1952), as well as the Piano Trio in E minor (1944). [140], It is also uncertain to what extent Shostakovich expressed his opposition to the state in his music. [53] Fully aware that Shostakovich was not free to speak his mind, Nabokov publicly asked him whether he supported the then recent denunciation of Stravinsky's music in the Soviet Union. "[71] Around this time, his health began to deteriorate. "A composer friend bribed Shostakovich's housemaid to regularly deliver the contents of Shostakovich's office waste bin to him, instead of taking it to the garbage. These were issued on LP by EMI and later reissued on CD. 110 by Dmitri Shostakovich arranged by ProdigyBaby555 for Violin, Cello, Viola (String Quartet) Category:Shostakovich, Dmitry All original works (compositions and arrangements) of this person are still under copyright in Canada, the EU, Japan and elsewhere and are thus subject to immediate deletion. The theme is made tragic when Sergei betrays her and finds a new lover upon blaming Katerina for his incarceration. [86] Despite suffering from Motor Neurone Disease (or ALS) from as early as the 1960s, Shostakovich insisted upon writing all his own correspondence and music himself, even when his right hand was virtually unusable. He incorporated many quotations and motifs in his work, most notably his musical signature DSCH. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. [88][page needed], Shostakovich was fond of satirical writers such as Gogol, Chekhov and Mikhail Zoshchenko. The Glinka archive 'contained a huge number of pieces and compositions which were completely unknown or could be traced quite indirectly,' Digonskaya said. Stravinsky the thinker I despise. A self-diagnosed nymphomaniac recounts her erotic experiences to the man who saved her after a beating. [48][49] Most of Shostakovich's works were banned, and his family had privileges withdrawn. For Shostakovich, it was a humiliating experience, culminating in a New York press conference where he was expected to read a prepared speech. [132] He also enjoyed card games, particularly patience. [64][65], The year 1960 marked another turning point in Shostakovich's life: he joined the Communist Party. [92], Shostakovich's relationship with Stravinsky was profoundly ambivalent; as he wrote to Glikman, "Stravinsky the composer I worship. 4 & 12" on Discogs. The story of Soviet cypher-clerk Igor Gouzenko who was posted to the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa,Canada in 1943 and defected in 1945 to reveal the extent of Soviet espionage activities directed against Canada. Television - Home Video – DVD – Blu-ray - VOD - New Media C Major Entertainment is operating world-wide in the range of consulting, marketing and distribution of audio & audiovisual music programmes. [70] Once he joined the Party, several articles he did not write denouncing individualism in music were published under his name in Pravda. Mikhail Druskin remembers that even as a young man the composer was "fragile and nervously agile". Hero of Socialist Labor (1966). [69] From 1962, he served as a delegate in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. [91] The influence of Russian church and folk music is evident in his works for unaccompanied choir of the 1950s. 20: Symphony No. Fay (2000), p. 194; Wilson (2006), p. 297. This has great dignity and depth, and at times an appropriate wildness or becoming levity". [citation needed], Shostakovich's works are broadly tonal[citation needed] and in the Romantic tradition,[citation needed] but with elements of atonality and chromaticism. [135] His widow later told Helsingin Sanomat that his name was included without his permission. In all other respects she is splendid: clever, cheerful, straightforward and very likeable. "[45] But by 1946 it too was the subject of criticism. [citation needed], Shostakovich's music shows the influence of many of the composers he most admired: Bach in his fugues and passacaglias; Beethoven in the late quartets; Mahler in the symphonies; and Berg in his use of musical codes and quotations. Shostakovich died of heart failure on 9 August 1975. Later that year, Bernstein and the Philharmonic recorded the symphony in Boston for Columbia Records. "[110], Among these were Shostakovich's piano and vocal sketches for a prologue to an opera, Orango (1932). [119] A related complaint is that Shostakovich's style is vulgar and strident: Stravinsky wrote of Lady Macbeth: "brutally hammering ... and monotonous". After the protests the sentence was commuted, and Brodsky returned to Leningrad. In order to preserve Shostakovich's image (a vital bridge to the people of the Union and to the West), the government assigned the name "Stalingrad" to the symphony, giving it the appearance of mourning of the dead in the bloody Battle of Stalingrad. Opinions are divided as to how great a risk this was: the poem had been published in Soviet media, and was not banned, but remained controversial. Photo taken on Nov. 14, 1972. [82], In later life, Shostakovich suffered from chronic ill health, but he resisted giving up cigarettes and vodka. [66] This event has variously been interpreted as a show of commitment, a mark of cowardice, the result of political pressure, or his free decision. On the other, his son recalled that the event reduced Shostakovich to tears,[67] and that he later told his wife Irina that he had been blackmailed. "[95] Articles Shostakovich published in 1934 and 1935 cited Berg, Schoenberg, Krenek, Hindemith, "and especially Stravinsky" among his influences. The symphonies are distributed fairly evenly throughout his career, while the quartets are concentrated towards the latter part. [42], The family moved to Moscow in spring 1943. Op. He subtitled the piece "To the victims of fascism and war",[72] ostensibly in memory of the Dresden fire bombing that took place in 1945. [81], In 1964 Shostakovich composed the music for the Russian film Hamlet, which was favourably reviewed by The New York Times: "But the lack of this aural stimulation—of Shakespeare's eloquent words—is recompensed in some measure by a splendid and stirring musical score by Dmitri Shostakovich. Father of the conductor and pianist Maxim Shostakovich. The last in Shostakovich's "quartet of quartets", the fourteenth serves to honor the cellist of the Beethoven String Quartet, Sergei Shirinsky. Fay documents these allegations in her 2002 article 'Volkov's Testimony reconsidered',[146] showing that the only pages of the original Testimony manuscript that Shostakovich had signed and verified are word-for-word reproductions of earlier interviews he gave, none of which are controversial. It features a number of musical quotations and codes (notably the DSCH and Elmira motifs, Elmira Nazirova being a pianist and composer who had studied under Shostakovich in the year before his dismissal from the Moscow Conservatory),[57] the meaning of which is still debated, while the savage second movement, according to Testimony, is intended as a musical portrait of Stalin. 47: Symphony No. The book alleged that many of the composer's works contained coded anti-government messages, placing Shostakovich in a tradition of Russian artists outwitting censorship that goes back at least to Alexander Pushkin. A civic funeral was held; he was interred in Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow. In the midst of this quartet's oppressive and somber themes, the only light and cheerful moment is when the cello introduces the Seryozha theme about three minutes into the fourth movement. During the forties and fifties, Shostakovich had close relationships with two of his pupils, Galina Ustvolskaya and Elmira Nazirova. The Tenth ranks alongside the Fifth and Seventh as one of Shostakovich's most popular works. [citation needed] The relationship with Nazirova seems to have been one-sided, expressed largely in his letters to her, and can be dated to around 1953 to 1956. To disguise this, he added three more meant to demonstrate the great life Jews had under the Soviet regime. "[147], In May 1958, during a visit to Paris, Shostakovich recorded his two piano concertos with André Cluytens, as well as some short piano works. Stalin's death in 1953 was the biggest step toward Shostakovich's rehabilitation as a creative artist, which was marked by his Tenth Symphony. View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the 1977 Reel-To-Reel release of "String Quartets Nos. Cloudflare Ray ID: 6436f9f7cb26ab94 Complete your collection. They said, 'Why did Shostakovich write an optimistic symphony at the beginning of the war and a tragic one now? [89] Many of his Russian contemporaries, and his pupils at the Leningrad Conservatory were strongly influenced by his style (including German Okunev, Sergei Slonimsky, and Boris Tishchenko, whose 5th Symphony of 1978 is dedicated to Shostakovich's memory). [148], Belgium: Member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium (1960)[149], Denmark: Léonie Sonning Music Prize (1973)[150], Finland: Wihuri Sibelius Prize (1958)[151], United Kingdom: Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society (1966)[159], "Shostakovich" redirects here. [105], Throughout his compositions, Shostakovich demonstrated a controlled use of musical quotation. Pedagogical in nature, Schirmer Performance Editions offer new research, insightful interpretive suggestions, pertinent fingering, and historical and stylistic commentary. Gavriil Popov wrote that it was "splendid in its joie de vivre, gaiety, brilliance, and pungency! 2", "2004 Athens Opening Ceremony Music List", "The Rhetoric of Reference; or, Shostakovich's Ghost Quartet", "Neither Yevtushenko Nor Shostakovich Should Be Blamed", "Dmitri Shostakovich Dead at 68 After Hospitalization in Moscow", "Квартет им. Peter J. Rabinowitz has also pointed to covert references to Richard Strauss's Metamorphosen in it. Other prominent revisionists are Ian MacDonald, whose book The New Shostakovich put forward further revisionist interpretations of his music, and Elizabeth Wilson, whose Shostakovich: A Life Remembered provides testimony from many of the composer's acquaintances. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. 1 and the song cycle From Jewish Folk Poetry. Exclusive releases and albums of various styles and music genres in high quality are available to you to listen, buy and download. • Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. Vesa Sirén: "Mitä setämies sai sanoa Neuvostoliitossa?" Yuri Lyubimov says that at this time "he waited for his arrest at night out on the landing by the lift, so that at least his family wouldn't be disturbed. With Dana Andrews, Gene Tierney, June Havoc, Berry Kroeger. While his exploration of new ideas in literature is Shostakovich, Thoreau helped to establish a new genre is his craft. Instrumentations Piano solo (3464) 1 Piano, 4 Hands (duet) (279) Violin and Piano (241) [141] His longtime musical collaborator Yevgeny Mravinsky said, "Shostakovich very often explained his intentions with very specific images and connotations. [68] Lev Lebedinsky has said that the composer was suicidal. 1953 also saw a stream of premieres of the "desk drawer" works. Zoshchenko noted the contradictions in the composer's character: "he is ... frail, fragile, withdrawn, an infinitely direct, pure child ... [but also] hard, acid, extremely intelligent, strong perhaps, despotic and not altogether good-natured (although cerebrally good-natured). Shostakovich continued to compose chamber music, notably his Second Piano Trio (Op. Dmitriy Dmitrievich Shostakovich, Russian: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj ˈdmʲitrʲɪjɪvʲɪtɕ ʂəstɐˈkovʲɪtɕ] (); 25 September [O.S. 12 September] 1906 – 9 August 1975) was a Soviet composer and pianist. We pick a theme each week and follow the music wherever it leads us. List of famous composers by alphabetically sorted name, era, date, genre and nationality. Israel Nestyev asked whether it was the right time for "a light and amusing interlude between Shostakovich's significant creations, a temporary rejection of great, serious problems for the sake of playful, filigree-trimmed trifles. He taught Ustvolskaya from 1939 to 1941 and then from 1947 to 1948. (The meeting of the two composers was not very successful; observers commented on Shostakovich's extreme nervousness and Stravinsky's "cruelty" to him. Shostakovich himself left behind several recordings of his own piano works; other noted interpreters of his music include Emil Gilels, Mstislav Rostropovich, Tatiana Nikolayeva, Maria Yudina, David Oistrakh, and members of the Beethoven Quartet. It remains unclear whether Shostakovich really conceived the idea of the symphony with the siege of Leningrad in mind. "[130] In later life, Krzysztof Meyer recalled, "his face was a bag of tics and grimaces. The nature of their relationship is far from clear: Mstislav Rostropovich described it as "tender". Prepared by experienced artists and master teachers, these publications provide an accurate, well-informed score resource for pianists. 43: Symphony No. He was further inspired to write with Jewish themes when he examined Moisei Beregovski's 1944 thesis on Jewish folk music. [136] But he was willing to try to help constituents in his capacities as chairman of the Composers' Union and Deputy to the Supreme Soviet. [47], In 1948, Shostakovich, along with many other composers, was again denounced for formalism in the Zhdanov decree. Directed by William A. Wellman. Despite his efforts to hide the real meaning in the work, the Union of Composers refused to approve his music in 1949 under the pressure of the anti-Semitism that gripped the country. Oleg Prokofiev said, "he tried to help so many people that ... less and less attention was paid to his pleas. "[50], The decree's consequences for composers were harsh. 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